Deerskin or goat-hide formed the main basis for the shadow Puppets. It was boiled, processed and figures from mythology like Ravana, Hanuman and demons were drawn and cut. For the shadow play, light behind a screen gave the required effect. Deft fingers also behind the screen were moving the figures with strings and changing scenes. Instrumental music and good voices were necessary for effective narration. Talented artists brought mythology to life in the dead of night and the thrilled throng of people watched holding their breath. Such shows were free and held in the open space of the village temple.
The Puppet-artists formed a team and moved from village to village, during harvest season. Remuneration was in the form of grains, clothes and other provisions, provided by the sponsors or temple-committee, if it was a public show.
Tirumale Tatacharya Sharma (1895-1973), veteran Kannada freedom fighter and journalist, has left a vivid description of such a shadow-Puppet-show in his autobiography. "Thousands" of monkey-soldiers crossed the sea to fight Ravana's soldiers and as a child, it was a mystery how a small stage could accommodate so many soldiers! He has recorded how his grandpa, whom he accompanied, explained the mechanism of a Puppet-show.
The Killekyata community had excelled in providing this "moving theatre" in towns and villages of Andhra-Karnataka border. They claim their descent from Kaliketa Bommayya a Sharana Saint of 12th century, who moved places and spread the message of pious life and God"s grace, through anecdotes from Sivapurana. He was a good singer and actor.
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Autograph of
Gandhi symbols
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Autograph of
Behind the screen
Such Puppet-shows were put to national cause during Indian Freedom Movement. Very few Puppet-show artistes survive today. Belgallu Veeranna of Bellary is a gifted showman who has brought to life Gandhiji and his various Satyagrahas through his team. He can sing Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Telugu and Tamil songs as the occasion demands. He has toured several countries, keeping this ancient art alive.
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Autograph of
Belagallu Veeranna
• Leather Puppets of India
• The Puppets of India
• Kamat Goes to a Puppet Show
